Kazem Zoghi Barani; Sirous Ahmadi Nohadani; Reyhane Saleh Abadi
Abstract
Sport organizes and enhances the morale of players and spectators and is an integral part of human life. Sport is influenced by the politics and decisions of political actors and also affects politics at the local, national, regional and international levels, so it is necessary to address it from the ...
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Sport organizes and enhances the morale of players and spectators and is an integral part of human life. Sport is influenced by the politics and decisions of political actors and also affects politics at the local, national, regional and international levels, so it is necessary to address it from the perspective of political geography and examine the effective dimensions of sport in both space and politics. And contract analysis. There are constant links between sport, athlete, spectator, place and politics. The FIFA World Cup is a showcase of action and reaction between powers, countries and schools on a national, regional and international scale. When a national football team succeeds in navigating or winning a tournament, political actors use that victory to increase power, win elections, arouse the nation's sentiment, and increase internal solidarity. This research is theoretical in terms of basic purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The findings are provided by referring to library sources (Internet, books, etc.) and 96 cases of overlapping concepts of political geography and the World Cup using the method. Hermonetics has been discovered and identified from scientific documents and news. Findings show the main geopolitical concepts in the World Cup including: countries, players, coaches, spectators, sports media and political actors in national and international dimensions with the concepts of war, peace, patriotism, identity Divergent and convergent forces are geopolitical, geopolitical tensions and isolation. In the field of geopolitics, the concepts of World Cup, FIFA, football players, national team, hosting, match, group, competition for hosting, power, stadium, team tactics and football field with concepts of geopolitical field such as: world geopolitical system, UN, actors Geopolitics, country, geopolitical weight promotion, geopolitical competition, geopolitical region, geopolitical competition, power, geographical space, geopolitical strategy and geopolitical competition space correspond.
Seyyed Hadi zarghani; sajed bahramijaf; rr sa; mm ss
Abstract
Border areas are geographical areas that, despite their high capacity, are sometimes neglected in accordance with their specific conditions. Due to their distance from the center, geographical isolation, etc., these areas have huge differences in terms of welfare and development with the central centers, ...
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Border areas are geographical areas that, despite their high capacity, are sometimes neglected in accordance with their specific conditions. Due to their distance from the center, geographical isolation, etc., these areas have huge differences in terms of welfare and development with the central centers, and the creation and operation of border markets can moderate the one-way relationship between the center and the surrounding area and improve regional well-being. . This study examines the impact of Shushmi border market on the development and welfare of Nosud city in Kermanshah province using descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all cocoons, merchants and other operators as well as citizens of Nosud. The sample size was selected based on Cochran's formula of 320 people and the questionnaire was distributed among them. SPSS software (Cronbach, regression, correlation) and LISREL software were used to analyze the data. Based on the results obtained from linear regression, the economic variable has the highest correlation with the development and welfare of border residents. Among other dimensions, the results of the correlation test showed that the social component had the highest correlation with the research components.
Mohsen Janparvar; Reyhaneh Salehabadi; zakiye Naderi Chenar
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction
Afghanistan is one of the neighbors that Iran can exert a great deal of influence through the use of culture and higher education. Afghanistan is Iran's cultural backyard. The linguistic, cultural and historical commonalities are so intertwined that no one can ...
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Extended abstract
Introduction
Afghanistan is one of the neighbors that Iran can exert a great deal of influence through the use of culture and higher education. Afghanistan is Iran's cultural backyard. The linguistic, cultural and historical commonalities are so intertwined that no one can fill Iran's cultural vacancy in Afghanistan. Most of Afghanistan's textbooks are in Persian. Many scientific resources used by Afghan students have been published in Iran. There is a curious desire among Afghan students to attend higher education institutions and Iranian universities. Afghan families' tendency to use Iranian radio and television products, despite the emergence of dozens of colorful radio and television broadcasters, mainly broadcasting Western or Indian films, etc. all show the importance of the cultural sphere in the relations between the two countries. Unfortunately, despite this tendency, there are many shortcomings in the field of Iranian cultural activity in Afghanistan. If Iran wants to have security, political, economic and other influence in Afghanistan, then it must pay more attention to culture and education, because Iran's relative advantage is to have a more effective presence in Afghanistan than other competitors.
Review of Literature
Education is recognized as a source of soft power that enhances productivity and the quality of the university; separates international students; and most importantly establishes relationships and collaborates between internal and external researchers. Therefore, it can be used as a tool for creating national goodwill .Soft power in higher education consists of three dimensions of values, resources and tools. Thus, soft power through higher education can be used to link the values of the host country with international students to achieve the goals appropriate to a country's policies. Interestingly, the process of internationalization in higher education can be regarded as one of the most important and key tools in soft power. This process has helped to understand the dimensions and application of soft power internationally. It looks at higher education from the four perspectives of activity, competence, ethics and process. The prospects for these activities have a cultural dimension, including the presence of international students and academics exchanges between universities. Holmes and Rumbley (2015) argue that soft power, along with public diplomacy and national security, is politically motivated, while higher education enhances the capacities available in this type of power. Improvement in the quality of higher education, the accreditation and categorization of national higher education institutions and the progress in human resource development can be motivated by social and cultural incentives to resolve global disputes, as well as to create global citizenship in order to create understanding.
Method
The present study is a descriptive-analytical one. The information required in this study is gathered (libraries and retrieval) using sources and articles on the Internet and scientific reports.
Findings and Discussion
The starting point for the two countries' engagement in 2001 is the establishment of the Afghanistan Reconstruction Partnership. Subsequently, the Afghanistan Educational and Scientific Reconstruction Staff was also formed at the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in 2002, which was directly affected the visit of Afghan Minister of Higher Education Faegh Sharif of Tehran and the signing the Academic-Educational Memorandum. Also, in 2003 President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's visit to Kabul as the first foreign leader expressed Iran's satisfaction and acceptance with the transitional government, which strengthened relations between the two countries. Following this trip, the first Joint Cooperation Commission of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was formed in 2004 and its second meeting was held in 2006. In particular, a bilateral cooperation agreement was signed between Herat Province and Khorasan Razavi Province in 2005. In 2007, due to the growing insecurity in southern Afghanistan, a security agreement was signed between Iran and Afghanistan and in 2008 a joint statement was issued at the level of the vice presidents between Afghanistan and Iran. Also in 2010, after the new Afghan presidential election, a trilateral Iran-Pakistan- Afghanistan meeting was held in Islamabad and the third meeting of the Iran-Afghanistan Joint Cooperation Commission. The first meeting of the Commission on Defense Cooperation between Iran and Afghanistan was held in 2011 and the trilateral meeting of Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan was held in Trahan. The fourth joint Iran-Afghanistan Cooperation Summit was recently held in 2012, during the Governor of Balkh traveled to Khorasan Razavi. In view of the above, it can be conclude that the establishment of scientific-educational partnerships between the universities of Iran and Afghanistan within the framework of political relations between the two countries is subject to the mutual agreement of the parties to establish interactions and general relations between the two countries. This agreement is completely dependent on the political situation of the countries and the region. Prior to 2001, due to the severe political conflicts in Afghanistan, no interaction between the two countries was possible. Therefore, from a top-down and linear perspective, the political factor can be considered as an effective factor in determining the relationship between the two countries, especially between academia.
Conclusion
Based on the mutual agreements of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad with Afghan universities, the level of cooperation has exceeded the level of teacher-student exchange and has been enhanced to a high level of transboundary higher education, namely the establishment of a postgraduate course and the establishment of a university. However, the political and diplomatic relations of the two countries have been affected many of the provisions of the treaties and the parties' unwillingness to cooperate; these have led to the conclusion of contracts and the interruption or suspension of relations has led to the suspension of inter-university cooperation and the unwillingness of the parties. Despite the high capacities and potentials available for greater and better utilization, and on the other hand, the high demands of the Afghan citizens to exploit, these have not been properly utilized.
mohsen janparvar; reyhaneh salehabadi; Mojgan Salehabadi
Abstract
1. Introduction
Cities are geographic phenomenon that always leads major developments in human history. They are not only interacting with their local hinterland, but also interacting with other cities in economic and social fields. With increasing developments in recent decades in different areas, ...
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1. Introduction
Cities are geographic phenomenon that always leads major developments in human history. They are not only interacting with their local hinterland, but also interacting with other cities in economic and social fields. With increasing developments in recent decades in different areas, more placements for cities and geographical studies have been provided again. Among the reasons that caused the cities find their prominent position in the study of geography and on the other hand political geography studies again, the issues from increased presence and movement of the population that living in urban areas with rapid development of urbanization in recent decades and high density of population in cities that caused complexity and interaction in urban spaces and change way of living and life in that settlements that do not match with human nature are so important. This is creating some abnormalities and damage social, cultural, security and other modern cities and provided difficulties for living in these cities and management of this space. To reduce this problem, several solutions have been suggested and implemented by experts. But the strategy of this article is to create understanding among citizenship borders, Privacies and limits of the city that not discuss yet.
2. Theoretical Framework
Borders are imaginary lines around human beings that represent the area of governance, ownership and competence of individuals, groups and countries in higher levels.
Privacy: the distance between the individual space beyond the borders of individual, group and national create unsafe feeling for person, group or country.
City: The physical limit of the city and future development in the master plan.
3. Methodology
This article is based on descriptive and analytical method and library data, try to describe conceptualization and recognition of border, Privacy and limit in city and variety of them.
4. Results & Discussion
The recognition of borders, privacies and limits in the city can produce relax, reducing burden, administration and management of relevant institutions in high level. Accordingly, for understanding better some borders, privacies and limits in the cities the first step is recognize of them. The note that we emphasize it is the difference between the concepts of borders, privacies and limits. Although it is difficult to articulate the difference between these concepts, but it can be said, the notion of borders is including the sovereignty, jurisdiction and ownership. The border areas with the rule, authority and ownership are absolute and unchangeable. But the concepts of privacy and sovereignty, ownership and relative merits are subject to change. The borders, privacies and limits are ranging below.
The first part of border is: personal borders, borders of rooms in the apartment, borders of apartment in the buildings, building in the city, taxes and municipals borders, the borders of city
Second part: privacy in the city as a whole include: personal privacy, private privacy, privacy space, privacy of home, privacy of the traditional and modern architecture, privacy of neighborhood, privacy of city.
Third part: the area in the city as a whole include: city limits, local limit, regional limit, influence are of city.
5. Conclusions
The result of this study indicate that the concept borders, privacies and limits in the city are closely related to each other and they differ from each other in ownership, governance and authority at least in two items and the concept of privacy of ownership, sovereignty and jurisdiction form relatively, however interaction of people to it is intensive, but the sense of ownership, sovereignty and jurisdiction is largely faded. However, identifying and clarifying this topics and issues in cities indicated that complexity in city cause human life under borders, Privacies and limits form and organized. This border, Privacy and limit were between human long times ago so that difference among them caused challenges and wars. Today, due to the phenomenon of globalization differences reduced, not only borders, Privacies and limits are stable, but also in urban area according to recognize of people of their rights it become highlighted. Studies showed that borders, Privacies and limits play a significant role in the life of our communities. Their position in relationship and interaction with others and how we use this space and manage this space can regulate our life. So, creating true understanding of borders, Privacies and limits in city can complex contemporary life highly in a community that is complex and non-systematic considerably and secure the welfare sector.
